{"id":492,"date":"2016-03-16T04:01:07","date_gmt":"2016-03-16T04:01:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.strangerworks.com\/?p=492"},"modified":"2018-06-25T04:04:18","modified_gmt":"2018-06-25T04:04:18","slug":"could-climate-change-warnings-on-gasoline-pumps-actually-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.strangerworks.com\/?p=492","title":{"rendered":"Could climate-change warnings on gasoline pumps actually work?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"tablet-top-banner\" class=\"ad ad--small-banner\"><em>Originally published at <a href=\"https:\/\/grist.org\/climate-energy\/could-climate-change-warnings-on-gasoline-pumps-actually-work\/\"><em>Grist.<\/em><\/a><\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"article-body\">\n<p>Later\u00a0this year, someone stopping to fuel up in North Vancouver will\u00a0be the first customer to see the controversial warning labels. They\u2019ll be wrapped around the gas pump handles. The exact wording isn\u2019t settled yet, but here\u2019s the gist of it: Every time you pump gas, you\u2019re contributing to air pollution and climate change.<\/p>\n<p>What will they look like? We don\u2019t know that, either, but here\u2019s one candidate considered by the city council that\u00a0voted in the new warning-label law:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_324475\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter grist-img-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-324475\" src=\"https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/gas-warning-label-caribou.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 571px) 100vw, 571px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/gas-warning-label-caribou.jpg 571w, https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/gas-warning-label-caribou.jpg?w=330&amp;h=351 330w\" alt=\"Gas Warning Label Caribou\" width=\"571\" height=\"607\" data-embiggen-src=\"https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/gas-warning-label-caribou.jpg?w=571&amp;h=607&amp;crop=1\" data-embiggen-size=\"571,607\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"credit\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ourhorizon.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Our Horizon<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>This label was\u00a0developed by Robert Shirkey, a Toronto-based lawyer who has been obsessed with climate change for,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SA4e7y-4Pak\">as he put it<\/a>, \u201cas long as I can remember.\u201d A few years ago, his\u00a0grandfather told him to \u201cdo what you love,\u201d then promptly died and left him with a\u00a0small inheritance. Shirkey used the money to found\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/ourhorizon.org\/\">Our Horizon<\/a>, a nonprofit\u00a0that functions as\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/ourhorizon.org\/advocacy-action-kit\/\">a one-stop shop for anyone curious about getting their local municipality to put climate change warning labels on gasoline pumps<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>It might seem\u00a0unfair to post labels at gas stations implying that individual drivers are guilty of nudging caribou closer to extinction. After all, lots of\u00a0others are out there warming the troposphere: power plants, trucking, the military, you name it. Shirkey decided to focus on gas pump warning labels precisely because the responsibility for climate change is so diffuse. Unless you\u2019re living some kind of Little House on the Prairie lifestyle, the energy that goes into heating your home\u00a0and\u00a0keeping you fed is invisible.<\/p>\n<div id=\"speed-bump-ad-1\" class=\"ad ad--inline\"><\/div>\n<p>But the experience\u00a0of fueling up\u00a0is a real, gassy, in-your-face moment of personal responsibility.\u00a0You can smell it. You have to pull levers to make it work. \u201cThere is nothing else,\u201d\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/ourhorizon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/MunicipalWorld-March2015-Shirkey.pdf\">Shirkey wrote<\/a>, in an article for the amazingly named\u00a0<em>Municipal World<\/em>\u00a0magazine, \u201cthat currently connects us to the problems of climate change in such a direct way.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, in West Vancouver, a teenager named Emily Kelsall heard Shirkey being interviewed on the radio on her way to school. In the same way that some sixteen-year-olds\u00a0would travel from town to town for soccer matches, or to see punk shows at VFW halls, Kelsall <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nsnews.com\/news\/city-of-north-vancouver-first-for-climate-change-warnings-on-gas-pumps-1.2116081\">began going from local city council to city council<\/a>,\u00a0proposing new legislation requiring\u00a0gasoline warning labels.<\/p>\n<div class=\"fluid-width-video-wrapper\"><iframe class=\"youtube-player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/vzzGYH5kD_U?version=3&amp;rel=1&amp;fs=1&amp;autohide=2&amp;showsearch=0&amp;showinfo=1&amp;iv_load_policy=1&amp;wmode=transparent\" name=\"fitvid0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>The push\u00a0to label gasoline pumps is also a reminder of just how much the movement to educate people about climate change has come to parallel the one\u00a0to educate people about the dangers of tobacco. Tobacco campaigns started with a scientific argument (Doctors say: smoking is bad for you) before broadening\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/grist.org\/climate-energy\/how-do-you-make-conservatives-care-about-climate-change-an-expert-shares-tips\/\">into more advertising-inspired\u00a0messages<\/a>. When\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/grist.org\/climate-energy\/is-big-oil-about-to-have-its-big-tobacco-moment\/\">New York\u2019s attorney general<\/a>\u00a0decided to investigate whether\u00a0Exxon\u00a0lied to the public or its investors about the risks of climate change, it recalled the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nolo.com\/legal-encyclopedia\/tobacco-litigation-history-and-development-32202.html\">decades of lawsuits<\/a>\u00a0brought against\u00a0the four largest tobacco companies by the\u00a0attorneys general of 46 states. When those cases were settled in 1996, tobacco companies had to pay the states money that went directly into\u00a0funding\u00a0anti-smoking advertising campaigns \u2014 particularly ones designed to stop teenagers from smoking in the first place.<\/p>\n<p>Suing energy companies\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/grist.org\/climate-energy\/could-you-sue-chevron-for-screwing-up-the-climate\/\">is going to be even harder than suing tobacco companies<\/a>.\u00a0That doesn\u2019t make it any less entertaining to imagine\u00a0what would happen if state attorneys general sued and won. There would\u00a0be\u00a0cheesy public service billboards in high schools about how uncool driving is compared to taking the bus. There would be television\u00a0ads like this:<\/p>\n<div class=\"fluid-width-video-wrapper\"><iframe class=\"youtube-player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/75F3CSZcCFs?version=3&amp;rel=1&amp;fs=1&amp;autohide=2&amp;showsearch=0&amp;showinfo=1&amp;iv_load_policy=1&amp;wmode=transparent\" name=\"fitvid1\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>Right now, ads for energy companies are just part of the background noise of advertising that we all live with. They\u2019re so familiar that we almost don\u2019t see them\u00a0anymore. But a few decades down the road, an advertisement glorifying wanton gasoline use could look as retro as these ads\u00a0do today:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_324519\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter grist-img-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-324519 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/cigarettebabies.jpg?w=660\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/cigarettebabies.jpg?w=660 660w, https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/cigarettebabies.jpg?w=1320 1320w, https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/cigarettebabies.jpg?w=1200 1200w, https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/cigarettebabies.jpg?w=330 330w, https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/cigarettebabies.jpg?w=768 768w, https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/cigarettebabies.jpg?w=970 970w\" alt=\"cigarette babies ad\" data-embiggen-src=\"https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/cigarettebabies.jpg?w=1200&amp;h=675&amp;crop=1\" data-embiggen-size=\"1200,675\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"credit\">Grist \/ <a href=\"http:\/\/tobacco.stanford.edu\/tobacco_main\/subtheme.php?token=fm_mt016.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stanford School of Medicine<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>America used to be the world leader of warning labels. In 1966, it became the first country to force\u00a0cigarette companies to print <a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/15\/1333\">a warning from the surgeon general on every pack of smokes.<\/a>\u00a0They\u00a0ran the gamut from \u201cWARNING: Cigarettes are addictive,\u201d to \u201cWARNING: Tobacco smoke can harm your children.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In 1966,\u00a043 percent of Americans smoked. Fifty\u00a0years later, that percentage has fallen to 18. Labels can\u2019t claim all the credit, but the research is clear \u2014\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/tobaccocontrol.bmj.com\/content\/15\/suppl_3\/iii19.short\">warning labels work<\/a>.\u00a0Research also shows that warning labels are\u00a0especially effective\u00a0when they\u2019re\u00a0very large\u00a0and combine\u00a0pictures along with words, especially if those pictures are disgusting. That explains\u00a0why\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/biomed20.ucsf.edu\/2011\/06\/23\/cigarette-warning-labels-around-the-world\/\">it\u2019s hard to buy a cigarette in many other countries<\/a> without seeing a revolting picture of advanced mouth cancer. Beginning in 2012, cigarette\u00a0packs sold\u00a0in the United States were supposed\u00a0to carry those\u00a0picture warnings, too, but their rollout was <a href=\"http:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/nation\/2013\/03\/19\/cigarette-warning-labels\/2000549\/\">blocked by a lawsuit<\/a> from several cigarette companies.<\/p>\n<p>The threat of lawsuits is\u00a0part of the reason why gasoline warning labels\u00a0have been slow to catch on. Countries that mandate large and graphic cigarette labels have been sued not only for violating intellectual property laws but also for violating international trade agreements. Both Berkeley and San Francisco\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.citylab.com\/work\/2015\/04\/inside-the-push-to-put-climate-change-warnings-on-gas-pumps\/389132\/\">have openly considered gasoline warning labels<\/a>,\u00a0only to find out they would be sued by the Western States Petroleum Association (WSPA). Berkeley\u2019s proposal inspired a\u00a0stern\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wspa.org\/blog\/post\/wrong-headed-idea-gas-pump-labels-about-global-warning\">editorial<\/a> in the <em>San Francisco Chronicle\u00a0<\/em>by WSPA President Catherine Reheis-Boyd.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt is, of course, ironic,\u201d Reheis-Boyd wrote, \u201cthat the city of Berkeley \u2014 birthplace of the Free Speech Movement 50 years ago \u2014 would even consider an ordinance that so clearly treads upon the free speech rights of the men and women who own and operate service stations within its borders.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The last time I was pumping gas, I looked up and saw that some enterprising person had clipped these ads to the fuel hoses:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-324594 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/img_0516.jpg?w=330\" sizes=\"(max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/img_0516.jpg?w=330 330w, https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/img_0516.jpg?w=660 660w\" alt=\"IMG_0516\" width=\"330\" height=\"330\" data-embiggen-src=\"https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/img_0516.jpg?w=1200&amp;h=675&amp;crop=1\" data-embiggen-size=\"1200,675\" \/><\/p>\n<p>It made me think of something I had learned a long time ago. People don\u2019t actually like pumping gas. Gas companies know this and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/lisa_margonelli_the_political_chemistry_of_oil\/transcript?language=en\">have designed their pumps\u00a0to look like ATM machines<\/a> on the grounds that people like getting money from ATM machines more than they like paying for gas. People don\u2019t like schlepping kids everywhere in cars either, any more than the kids like to be schlepped. In my experience as an actual child who spent\u00a0long hours in the backseat of a Ford Taurus, a realistic photo would involve a lot more sulking.<\/p>\n<p>So,\u00a0in the same way that beer distributors drop off\u00a0sexy bikini lady posters to make sure that everyone at the bar remembers how much fun beer is, energy companies feel compelled to push\u00a0the joys of gasoline at gas pumps and on billboards around the world. It\u2019s clear why they would push back against a warning label with everything they\u2019ve got. The cognitive dissonance of a picture of happy kids hanging from the fuel line and a picture of a kid with an inhaler glued to the gas pump would be a bit much \u2014 in the same way that a baby congratulating mom and dad\u00a0for their taste in\u00a0cigarettes is impossible once you have a label right there on the cigarette pack telling you that smoke destroys their tiny lungs.<\/p>\n<p>There is a precedent in the U.S.\u00a0for using art to discourage people from using quite so much gas. During World War II, the government rationed gasoline, set the country\u2019s speed limit at 35 mph, and banned automobile racing.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/newspapers?nid=1144&amp;dat=19430527&amp;id=PVkbAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=ikwEAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=1466,5848303&amp;hl=en\">Special courts were set up<\/a> to deal with people who drove \u201cfor pleasure.\u201d\u00a0If they were found guilty, their gasoline rations\u00a0taken away. The Office of Price Administration, which was in charge of gas rationing, embarked on an advertising campaign to make conservation seem patriotic.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-324737 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/car-travel.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1886px) 100vw, 1886px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/car-travel.jpg 1886w, https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/car-travel.jpg?w=1200&amp;h=675 1200w, https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/car-travel.jpg?w=330&amp;h=186 330w, https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/car-travel.jpg?w=768&amp;h=432 768w, https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/car-travel.jpg?w=970&amp;h=546 970w\" alt=\"Doubling up on car travel\" width=\"1886\" height=\"1061\" data-embiggen-src=\"https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/car-travel.jpg?w=1200&amp;h=675&amp;crop=1\" data-embiggen-size=\"1200,675\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Out of all the conservation propaganda released during this period, \u201cWhen you ride alone, you ride with Hitler\u201d has had the most staying power. It\u2019s been reworked\u00a0so often that it\u2019s acquired <a href=\"http:\/\/knowyourmeme.com\/memes\/when-you-ride-alone-you-ride-with-hitler\">meme status<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>To someone who has spent an awful lot of time looking at warning labels, the surprising thing is just how joyful\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ridebuzz.org\/wartime_conservation\">old-fashioned conservation posters<\/a>\u00a0can be.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-324736 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/car-travel-2.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/car-travel-2.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/car-travel-2.jpg?w=1200&amp;h=675 1200w, https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/car-travel-2.jpg?w=330&amp;h=186 330w, https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/car-travel-2.jpg?w=768&amp;h=432 768w, https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/car-travel-2.jpg?w=970&amp;h=546 970w\" alt=\"car-travel-2\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" data-embiggen-src=\"https:\/\/grist.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/03\/car-travel-2.jpg?w=1200&amp;h=675&amp;crop=1\" data-embiggen-size=\"1200,675\" \/><\/p>\n<p>When you scare people, you get their attention. But that\u2019s not the only way. A meta-analysis of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3678850\/\">research into fear and behavior change<\/a> found that, even more than feeling\u00a0scared, what motivated people to change was the feeling that\u00a0they could do something, that their actions had some power in the world.<\/p>\n<p>Putting labels on gasoline pumps isn\u2019t going to fix climate change by itself, any more than cigarette labels fixed smoking. Another study found that simply raising the cost of cigarettes had a major effect, as did changing social norms that restricted people\u2019s ability to light up in bars, restaurants, and other places that used to be clouded with smoke.<\/p>\n<p>In other words, attempts to change behavior should also be accompanied by alternatives that make that change seem appealing and tangible.\u00a0Can\u2019t stop driving because\u00a0most of this country\u2019s infrastructure makes driving a necessity? Carpool, <a href=\"https:\/\/grist.org\/climate-energy\/want-to-fight-climate-change-here-are-the-7-critical-life-changes-you-should-make\/\">drive efficiently<\/a>,\u00a0and make sure to show up and vote for that light rail or Bus Rapid Transit project. When gasoline labels arrive \u2014 and they will \u2014 it\u2019s important that they offer hope along with a dose of\u00a0fear.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Originally published at Grist. Later\u00a0this year, someone stopping to fuel up in North Vancouver will\u00a0be the first customer to see the controversial warning labels. They\u2019ll be wrapped around the gas pump handles. The exact wording isn\u2019t settled yet, but here\u2019s the gist of it: Every time you pump gas, you\u2019re contributing to air pollution and&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.strangerworks.com\/?p=492\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Could climate-change warnings on gasoline pumps actually work?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.strangerworks.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/492"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.strangerworks.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.strangerworks.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.strangerworks.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.strangerworks.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=492"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.strangerworks.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/492\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":494,"href":"http:\/\/www.strangerworks.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/492\/revisions\/494"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.strangerworks.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=492"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.strangerworks.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=492"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.strangerworks.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=492"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}